The science behind the lie detector test has been disputed since its creation 90 years ago, so is there any reliable way to tell if someone is lying, asks Dr Geoff Bunn, author of The Truth Machine: A Social History of the Lie Detector.

“If I was guilty and wanted to beat that machine, it wouldn’t be hard,” says Sharon Stone’s psychopathic character in Basic Instinct.

And the history of the polygraph – better known as the lie detector test – is littered with people who have been able to trick it.

The polygraph machine was invented in 1921 in Berkeley, California.

“Berkeley was a town with a very famous police chief, August Vollmer, and he was in charge of police reform and a leader of police professionalisation in the United States,” says Ken Alder, professor of history at Northwestern University in Chicago.

“He actually wanted to use the science to make the cops more law-abiding themselves, to substitute this new scientific interrogation for what was formerly known as the third degree, which was a way of getting information from people by beating them up.”

Berkeley police officer John Larson created the first machine, basing it on the systolic blood pressure test pioneered by psychologist William Moulton Marston, who would later become a comic book writer and create Wonder Woman.

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AMERICA is in a state of war. Al Qaeda, AQIM, AQAP, Iran, Hezbollah, HAMAS and an untold number of agents from foreign countries and our own home grown terrorists seek to bring about their desired changes by terrorizing the citizens of the United States into inaction, wrong reactions and worse, surrender. The key to defeating the would-be terrorists is intelligence. Agencies both official and private sector work ceaselessly to prevent further tragedy. Groups like the Langley Intelligence Group (LIGNET)i, Griffith Colson Intelligence Services (GCIS)ii and the Investigative Project on Terrorism (IPT)iiidevelop methodologies for intercepting chatter from across cyberspace and a host of other areas; but their unequivocally best intel comes from viable and vetted HUMINT or human intelligence. HUMINT can be simply defined as: that which you are told by someone in a position to know the truth. Examples are many about those who have trusted a particular source for reasons other than a solid track record and have come up on the short end of quality information at a critical time.

The contingency manager and those responsible for conducting real-time risk analyses depend on all types of sources for their information. Chatter, of course, is one of those. Most sources come with some degree of fallibility because factors change, variables, by their nature, are often unpredictable and let’s face it, the future is not knowable to any degree of certainty. Human Intel, boots on the ground, is the single most reliable source; depending of course upon whose feet occupies those boots. How can you, as a contingency manager, develop the kind of resources you must have to do your work, the work of saving lives by up front, ahead of the curve information that is actionable and accurate? After a short review of the concept of such a resource, the folks at SCI and GCIS have prepared a systematic approach; a plan, if you will, that contingency managers who may be either novices or old hands should find useful. First, understand the Why you need such resources, because they take time to develop, commitment to keep and patience to protect. If you do not fully comprehend their value, you will not find it worth the effort to pursue. That is a decision that eventually you will regret. Begin now with a commitment to limit the number of regrets you carry with you into retirement. Not having good HUMINT does not need to be one of them.

The threat was real. Opposing armies had gathered on the border and were lying with an ambush set. The story here is true; no names are changed because none are innocent. The opposing enemy was from the ancient region of Philistia. Their opponent was the armies of powerful King Saul; King of Israel. Saul needed to know when and where the Philistines would strike. He needed good Intel and he needed it immediately. The historical text reports that Saul went to a medium, a fortune teller, a witch or simply a person who believes (or causes others to believe), that they can communicate with the dead. In this case, the Witch of Endoriv successfully sees the deceased Samuel, Saul’s former advisor. Saul gets his HUMINT directly from the deceased judge of Israel. In this case the news was particularly negative for Saul but there was no denying its veracity.

Professional intelligence agents usually do not contact spirits, mediums or witches. Not only is it an unwise and unfruitful practice, there is a biblical restriction on it. So how do Intel groups help authorities to avoid another Boston, another Benghazi, Oklahoma City, Beirut, or 9-11? The key for this particular article is to look at what has happened to our intelligence matrix because of the source of the Boston bombings. First, we must recap what exactly the Intel Matrix is and then note the changes that Boston has brought to our understanding of it.
The Matrix done correctly is more than a decision making model that looks good at a briefing. It is an every risk manager’s key for keeping his mind focused on situational awareness, contingency planning and risk abatement. How can it be such a miracle and why does the Boston bombing case make such a direct impact on this model? There are two crucial questions which must be wrestled with in order for the answers to make sense. Those who have used it properly have found it to be an amazing tool.

How can the Risk Matrix be such a miracle? First, understand that any tool is only as good as the hands of the artist or craftsman that holds it. The same is true for the Matrix. By thinking through possible and probable risks for any team under the risk categories of criminal, medical, geographical and political, a team can rate those by their probability and their impact. It is not their placement on the matrix that is important, but the movement of a risk over time across the Matrix from SW to NE or from low impact/low probability to high impact/high probability. It is the movement of risk upon the map. A perfect example of this was Benghazi in 2012 where for months the probability of a terrorist attack was increasing and the negative impact it would have was climbing. Pre-Benghazi Intel made a streak across the Matrix that looked like a chart of rising health care costs! In the months since Benghazi new threats or re-awakened older threats have alerted managers to risks that were not even being considered in 2010.

It is within the confines of this example where already in 2013 the probability of events from China and from Korea was realized and what was not seen as a threat was identified as an expanding risk. When two young brothers, originally from Chechnya, brutally bombed the revelers at the Boston Marathon an entirely new risk came to the fore. The complete lack of regard for human life that it takes to set a large explosive at the feet of an 8 year old boy is the trademark of Chechnyan Muslim extremists. Who can forget the Beslan School Massacre perpetrated against children by these madmen who claim to be freedom fighters but in reality have an ostentatious hunger for the cruelest, most vicious forms of homicidal madness?

It is within this context that Americans must now understand their risk matrix is expanded by the probability of further attacks against the U.S. by members of these Chechnyan groups that may well be underwritten by some faction of Al Qaeda. A likely scenario is that the AQAP (Al Qaeda on the Arabian Peninsula) is the state sponsor of this recent series of events in Massachusetts. An official situation report states that the Boston attacks had “…unmistakable parallels with the smaller scale terrorist attacks that radical Islamist groups based in Yemen and Pakistan have attempted in the United States since 2001.”v The situation report quoted here agrees with the analysis of the GCIS and its Executive Council that groups such as AQAP and others have moved toward smaller attacks that can be perpetrated by small cells operating virtually independent of the team. The sitrep quoted here lists similar bombings in the U.S. since 2001:

    •    NY Subway bombing attempt Sept 2009 – an Afghan citizen arrested after attempting to purchase chemicals for a TATP bomb 
    •    Underwear bomber Dec 2009 a Nigerian man brings a bomb sewn into his underwear – credit for the event by AQAP
    •    Times Square bombing attempt, May 2010 a Pakistani attempted to blow up a SUV in Times Square. Pakistani group Tehrik-e-Taliban was behind it.

“The Heritage Foundation listed a total of 50 terrorist plots against the United States in an April 2012 report.”vi
AQAP publishes a magazine titled Inspire designed to encourage the young of Islam to reignite the violence against the west. It is the continuation of the propaganda of Al Qaeda that is designed to bring young men from wherever their homes might be to wage Jihad against the West. Available on the Internet, in a recent edition was an article Make a Bomb in the Kitchen of Your Mom by the AQ Chef.vii
Are attacks such as the Boston bombings and the Ricin sent to our Washington leaders an end in themselves or a methodology to divert America’s attention in preparation for a major attack? The Director of GCIS and its Executive Council has considered this question and has determined that if nothing else, Boston has set the stage for just such an event. One of the earmarks of groups such as Al Qaeda is to set up a smaller scale attack to observe the responses of emergency personnel and then fine tune the larger attacks to take advantage of those planned responses.

The term conspicuous by its absence applies to the lack of attacks on the western half of the United States. Could it be that these recent attacks are precursors to attacks which are not only bigger but geographically distant? Certainly, Oklahoma City was in the west, but it was a true homegrown terrorist without Al Qaeda ties. When discussing threats to the western parts of the U.S., groups such as Abu Sayyaf are of interest with their reach from SE Asia to America’s islands and west coast which can be accomplished with very little difficulty.

Still, American authorities in the western states will continue to look toward Asia as well as the Middle East and everywhere in between. Deputy Chief Michael Downing, Commander of the LAPD Counter Terrorism Group recently told GCIS’s Director that “In this region we have active terrorist plots…government of Iran operatives, Hezbollah, sovereign citizen, homegrown violent extremists, animal rights groups” and others.viii

GCIS invoked a concern that even as the west coast braces for what could be a missile attack from Korea; there remains a paramount concern over the vulnerability of schools, particularly their central charges: the children. Whether it is during the school sessions or as they are in transit to and from the school, engaged in outdoor activities or at school events such as sports competitions the variables multiply which cause the risk factors to continue to grow. It is impossible for any person other than the individual’s themself to protect themselves because we have chosen to live in a free society. That sentence bears repeating. Because we have chosen, as Americans to live in an open and free society where the restrictions on personal movement, choice of locations to live, shop, worship or just ‘be’, are fairly few; we cannot depend on anyone other than ourselves to protect us when someone tries to hurt us. We might be blessed that when a crime starts to happen to us six police officers just happen to be standing next to us, but that is usually not the case. Our safety services do their absolute best to fulfill the commitment that has been unfairly slapped upon them: to protect and serve. It is not logical to expect that anyone will be there when you need help. Police respond to calls for help. The dictionary defines respond as: “Do something in reaction to something else.”ix Police or guardians throughout history have normally protected the citizens in their care by alerting them of coming danger. The role of the citizen on the watchtower goes back to ancient biblical times. In both the Wisdom writings of Judaism and the Old Testament of the Christian faith, the watchman was required to sound the alarm. He is warned that should he fail to sound the alarm as danger approaches, the blood of the citizens would be on his hands. However, if he did sound the alarm and the citizens ignored it; they would bear their own guilt.x The fine line between sounding the alarm and playing into the terrorists’ hands by escalating the tension and concern in a community is part of the art and wisdom of intelligence reporting. The key point must remain however that the official’s duty was to alert the citizen of the impending danger. It was up to that citizen to act, to be prepared to respond to the threat. Director Griffith articulated the precept well: “I urge the American people to be ever vigilant and cautious, shedding the threat of fear for the spirit of due diligence and American citizenship.”xi

With the role of the watchman understood, contingency managers demonstrate that the Matrix is created to be flexible to bring to bear new threats and new information. One recent example is that the BBC reported that North Korea has placed warheads on rockets in threatening an escalation of their rhetoric.xii Additional terror related attacks and events continue to take place even as, in the U.S., the Boston Bombing story consumes most of the air time. In the Peshawar Province of Pakistan, a suicide bomber got within the secure zone and within 500 yards of the U.S. Consulate, killing 12 and injuring 31 (29 Mar 2013). Sources on the ground report that the target of the attack was the Frontier Constabulary (FC) Commander’s convoy. Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) claimed responsibility for the attack in retribution for the Constabulary’s on-going actions against the Taliban. The Commander escaped with only minor injuries.xiii

In each of the cases reported here, the primary ingredient that will define the difference between a deadly attack and one that has not only warned the citizens but provided the information necessary for apprehending those responsible is human intelligence (HUMINT). Very simply, this refers to boots on the ground. Individual people, most living their normal everyday lives within a region where trouble is threatened who know what to report, when to report and to whom to report. That is HUMINT. Of course, there are agents of the U.S. living and working overseas with the primary purpose of providing HUMINT back to their agencies. The examination of the need for HUMINT, the development of appropriate sources and their maintenance are critical subject matter for intelligence services. Without HUMINT resources, intelligence groups can only function to re-evaluate the information disseminated by others or take a best guess approach to forecasting. Attempting to create the Matrix without the advantage of people on the ground is to lose the eyes, ears and critical opinion that the Matrix is designed to offer. Each organizational leader must proactively develop new resources for HUMINT.

An incredible example of the need for boots on the ground type of intelligence resulted in the bombings in Boston this month. According to a Security Consulting Investigations Situation Report dated 19 April 2013, “News that two brothers from the Russian break-away province of Chechnya who have lived in the United States for several years were behind the April 16 bombings makes it likely that they were at least (pseudo) “homegrown terrorists,” possibly radicalized by al-Qaeda propaganda on the Internet. There also is a strong possibility that the two men were somehow recruited and trained by al-Qaeda operatives to stage the Boston attack.” A further report indicates that sometime in 2011 or before an ‘unnamed’ foreign government (Russia) contacted the FBI to request that they research the two young men for the possibility of them being involved in extremist and radical behavior as regards to Chechnya. Initial reports stated that the FBI returned an inconclusive report and that was apparently the end of any investigation into either of them. However, more recent reports indicate that the FBI has known of the two brothers as far back as 2009. The mother of the slain bomber stated that, “My son would never do this,” Tsarnaeva said. “He was controlled by the FBI for three to five years, they knew what my son was doing, they knew what actions, on what sites on the Internet he was going,” she said. “So how could this happen? They were controlling every step of his.”xiv According to Tamerlan’s (the slain bomber) father Anzor, he was present when the FBI interviewed Tamerlan in his rooms at Cambridge. NEWSMAX reports also that at one point the Tamerlan who was the older of the brothers, had been involved in a domestic violence altercation and was eligible to be deported but was not.xv
The SCI Situation Report reveals also that: “The possible involvement of Chechen nationals in the Boston bombing would be consistent with efforts by al-Qaeda — especially Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) — to recruit non-Arabs to conduct terrorist activities. This appeared to be the strategy AQAP employed when it recruited Nigerian Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the so-called ‘underwear bomber’ who tried to destroy a civilian airliner over Detroit on Christmas Day 2009. Nidal Hassan, the Fort Hood shooter who shot 13 and injured 32 in 2009, had been influenced by and was in email contact with AQAP radical cleric Anwar al-Awlaki, who lived in Yemen at the time.  Al-Awlaki also played a role in influencing other terrorist plots in the United States and the UK.  Al-Awlaki was killed by a U.S. drone strike in September 2011.”xvi Security Consulting Investigations’ continuing analysis indicates that since the strict border requirements along the majority of the U. S. CONUS have made it difficult for Americans to travel overseas for training by Al Qaeda as well as for Al Qaeda operatives to get into the United States. Therefore, the use of electronic media, social websites and training through local mosques has become the standard fare for radicalization of those who seek affiliation with the terrorist organizations. Intelligence operatives within the United States would have very little ability to intercept those here in the CONUS who are taking part in such training unless their international communications tripped a particular set of identifiable words, phrases or locations that alerted super-computers and the analysts working them to review that communication. However, trained boots on the ground in the places where the training is believed to originate could lead operational resources to be able to either capture or destroy the source of the training. Often, it is the only reliable way to apprehend the truth.

HUMINT in places such as North Korea, the Cartels of Mexico, any of Al Qaeda’s branch offices, (including Abu Sayyaf on Mindanao in the Philippines), across the Balkans and the Mediterranean, and particularly in North Africa is more valuable than gold in today’s market! Quality HUMINT, for example, was responsible for redirecting the investigation into who was responsible for the half-hearted attack on the U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo in October of 2011.
xvii xviii

The brand new embassy building, set far back from the street was the focus of one lone gunman who strolled across the street with a rifle in hand as if to make a one man charge against the heavily fortified structure. Bosnian security on the exterior of the building moved haplessly to cut off the path of the intruder, still a good 200 yards away from the exterior walls. Those who sent this misguided, if not brave, zealot on his mission planned to heap the blame for the supposed attack against the U.S. upon the Wahhabi Muslims, a violent sect who live in the mountains surrounding the city of Sarajevo. Their aim was to undercut U.S. and U.N. support for the Muslim population of the Bosnian Federation thus improving the chances for those in the Republik of Serbska (in the Bosnia Herzegovina pseudo-coalition) who desire to break free from the Dayton Accord treaty that keeps the divided country loosely together and are bargaining for Serbska to rejoin Serbia. Boots on the ground were able to clarify that the man was not clearly cognizant of the ramifications of his actions. Also, that he had been led to take such action by evil men who manipulated him. These men knew they were ostensibly sending this man to his death, expecting that when he was shot and killed he could never tell the story of those who played mind games with him to get him to attack the Americans. (A sharpshooter shot him in the kneecap and ended his siege which lasted almost 20 minutes as he shot off 105 bullets, never using his two hand grenades. Although he was, by religion, of the Wahhabis, he was not articulate enough to understand the full ramifications other than he wanted to die a martyr and go to heaven. Neither did he care about the political games in which he had become a disposable pawn. The purpose of recounting this short tale is that no act or artifact is small when it is being parlayed into an international incident driven by evil purposes. HUMINT may be the single strand of truth within the story. HUMINT allows investigators to pull on those loose threads to unravel the sources of these threats and attacks.

Often reports that come from within areas such as Hebron within the West Bank area of Israel show complete unrest and the probability of increased violence against the Jewish quarter of the city and are often vitriolic in their speech and seldom indicate any sense of hope for the communities to survive. Having put my own boots on the ground in Hebron just one week after a reported chaotic and violent episode, it is possible to report on the exact tenor of the Jewish Quarter irrespective of what the conventional wisdom (CW) might be from those who have not been in the Quarter. In contingency management it is crucial to understand the normal disparity that is prevalent between the CW and reality. Even when one cannot get a first-hand reading on the situation, a contingency manager may appropriately factor in a degree of +/- with the CW when preparing analyses. How much of a plus or minus depends a great deal on the experience and artistry of the analyst. There is, as mentioned, a certain amount of art work to developing a strong indication of movement along the Matrix one way or another. Not every person with a computer and an imagination is cut-out to be an analyst.

Selection of the proper personnel for international risk analysis is critical to long-term success of both the analyst and the agency. As with most assignments in cross-cultural settings, the primary qualification for a good boots on the ground type of analyst is language. It is impossible to underestimate the value of strong language skills. Naturally (no pun intended) the best analyst for a given culture is a natural born citizen of that culture. When that is not possible then a good selection is an expatriate who knows the language fluently and is well versed in the geographical area within which he or she is to be operating. Most bog sources are not analysts at all but, just that, sources. They need not be as highly trained or skilled as the analyst but operate under the care and guidance of one. There are particular types of information that are most helpful in any given situation. A bog source that is not intensely trained as an analyst can be taught which type of information is the most helpful in just such a situation. For example, in a criminal or political matter the names of the head of the snake are invaluable but not always available. What can be found is where the movers and shakers of a particular scam or operation, even terrorist cells, are principally operating. In the event of a terrorist cell, the comings and goings of specific individuals is very crucial. Are they leaving the country and if so, at what kind of schedule does there seem to be. When people leave, how many and for how long?

The excellent HUMINT will be able to access that information for the agent without becoming noticed. The operative should look for possible candidates for grooming as a source that come across this type of information in their normal course of business. You do not want someone who lives in one part of town completely opposite where the activity is, nor do you want someone who is obviously western or requiring an excuse to be in the neighborhood and while there is seen as always asking questions. A solid source can gain the information needed without ever asking questions.

The source must not be prone to gambling, girls and gratuities of any kind. To follow the cliché lines of a James Bond movie, those types of folks are just dying to get caught and turned against the handler (people who work on behalf of the analyst or their company to maintain the connection to the source, including dropping payments all planned to keep the actual analyst or the company for which he works unidentifiable by the source if at all possible. This is the way one hopes it will work but it is not often reality. Often time and circumstances do not allow for such an elaborate set up. The source may be someone directly connected to the analyst and is doing what his lot in life has thrown for him to do. The two speak when needed and the analyst will usually come away with some piece of the puzzle. In fact, on the field, he may never see the entire picture, that will be up to the FUSION Centers to keep all the pieces coming together.

We have addressed specifically some of the sources that are used and the methodologies for selecting sources when it comes to counterterrorism. Those are highly prized pieces of information because the fall-out from a missed opportunity there is always in the 5 by 5 or the extreme NE section of the Matrix which is never good. Timeliness of reporting capabilities is a critical factor for a BOG unit. Mentioned earlier were scenarios involving the health outlook for a region or perhaps the housing market if the economy is about to take a nose-drive. In these days, economic collapse of one country, such as the debacle on Crete right now, can cause a domino effect and a myriad of difficulties worldwide. Stock markets are particularly vulnerable to the economic fissures that occur when dictators are thrown out or indictments handed down. The vacuum that can be created in a power structure can also set the stage for major and rapid change. HUMINT on the rapidly changing nature of such series of events are vital for the analysts to know in as close to as real time as necessary. It is unwise to have a source that cannot be in nearly immediate contact. When events occur so rapidly, the delay in information can be a deal breaker. Weather related events can be critical and yet the information on them cab be completely useless if they are not real-time events. The speed at which a tsunami hits will not allow for second guessing because it is not known which way the wind has shifted. Lives will literally hang in the balance when time becomes critical. The nature of the information can be as deadly as the lack of it when it comes to something as dangerous as an international health issue. The avian or bird flu as well as the swine flu that swept across parts of Western and Central Europe sent analysts running to books on the subject for they were attempting to read-up on the risks that they had never accounted for in their mock-ups.
xix

Analysts, nor their sources, are expected to be well-versed on every possible threat. They should know, however where to find the accurate information as well as the Best and the Brightest who deal with these risks all the time or have studied them. The world will not (and need not be) impressed with either the source’s or the analyst’s IQ. What will matter is if they are well enough versed in the nature of the event that they can discuss it rationally and without a concern that what they are about to say will be contradicted not out of academic concern for accuracy but from them simply not understanding the facts well enough to speak on the issue.

When the health and safety of one’s fellow countrymen is in the balance, little can be said that is noteworthy if it is not also minute by minute immediately at hand.

The development of quality analyst/source teams is of paramount importance in today’s world. Never before have so many world-class issues on the burner all at the same time. SCI’s careful consideration of the recent events in Boston and Washington D.C. has led us to feel confident that the event in Boston had a two-part Al Qaeda linked plot that was disrupted in part by the quick apprehension of one and the death of the other suspect. They had much more explosive devices upon their persons and in their possession. Those tools are only distributed with a purpose. Theirs’ was not completely fulfilled. Therefore:
•

•    The brothers, now of notorious reputation, were assigned further roles but failed to fulfill them.
•    Whether it was the brothers’ assignment or another, SCI believes that a second front was to have been opened by them but it did not materialize.
•    SCI believes the second front will be somewhere either on the west coast of United States or near there. A primary target is expected to be Las Vegas.
•    SCI also believes the Hawaiian Islands and Alaska’s oil fields remain a probable, though less so, target.

Developing qualified, vetted and available sources of human boots on the ground intelligence requires first dedicated agents and analysts that will work hand in glove with the resource. The source should preferably be a national partner. If it must be an expat then their language skills must be as close to a natural citizen’s speech. This is not only for the accuracy of the translation but also the subtle nuances of the culture (some are not so subtle). There must be an ability in the source to detect when he is being fed information for purposes other than those which are helpful to our nation. The source must be free from addictions and avenues of entrapment that are so common to men, so well used by women (which argues for female resources over males – an argument I feel free to push forward). The source must be capable of both timely communications with handlers and to step into a hyper-connectivity when things turn critical. Depending upon the nation or culture within which the source is working, he or she must be resilient to the crush of working within shrouds of secrecy that can be more choking than intriguing. When all is said and done, even with the best possible intelligence sources – if the machine into which it is all fed fails to perceive the nuances, track the changes and deliver the warning in a timely manner; all is for naught.

Allow us at Security Consulting Investigations on behalf of our team at Griffith Colson Intelligence Services and a myriad of partners across the globe echo Sir Winston Churchill from the days after the British were pushed back to the sea and it seemed the war all but lost.
From the Home Office he issued the following communique: (Strictly Confidential) 28 V 40 (May 28, 1940)

“In these dark days the Prime Minister would be grateful if all his colleagues in the Government, as well as important officials, would maintain a high morale in their circles; not minimizing the gravity of events, but showing confidence in our ability and inflexible resolve to continue the war till we have broken the will of the enemy…”xx
xxi
i www.lignet.com
ii http://griffithcolsonintelcenter.tumblr.com
iii www.investigativeproject.org
iv Note play on words, 1960 television sitcom with Bewitched – the part played by Agnes Moorehead: Endora)
v www.lignet.com Security: the Americas: “Could Al Qaeda Be Behind the Boston Marathon Bombings?”
vi Ibid.
vii Ibid.
viii GCIS Communication 19 April 2013
ix Encarta Dictionary: English North America, accessed 4-21-2013 2312
x Ezekiel 33:1-9
xi GCIS Communication 19 April 2013
xii http://bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21974381
xiii http://dawn.com/2013/03/29/explosion-in-Peshawar-casualties-feared/
xiv http://www.newsmax.com/Headline/fbi-interviewed-bombing-suspect/2013/04/19/id/500471?s=al&promo_code=13381-1
xv IBID.
xvi Security Consulting Investigations, LLC Situational Analysis Report 19 April 2013 Dr. R. L. Riggs
xvii http://www.newsytype.com/13222-terrorist-attacks-us-embassy/
xviiihttp://www.flarenetwork.org/report/syntheses/article/holy_war_state_terrorism_and_organised_crime_in_bosnia.htm
xix atiburrillo.redliberal.com/011080.html
xx atiburrillo.redliberal.com/011080.htmlChurchill, Winston Their Finest Hour The March to the Sea The Riverside Press: Cambridge 1949 p 91
xxi http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-1207763/Privately-Churchill-called-bloody-Yankees—lovers-ardour-fawned-flattered-flirted-woo-U-S.html

ABOUT DR. ROSS L. RIGGS:

Dr. Ross Riggs is a former Louisville Ohio Chief of Police, and trained with the United States Air Force where he was an honor graduate of the Air Force Security Police Training School at Lackland AFB.

After 30 plus years in public safety, law enforcement and military weapons systems security, he now enjoys consulting both on security issues and by conducting private investigations. His company, Security Consulting Investigations, LLC, is licensed by the Ohio Department of Public Safety and Homeland Security as a Class A company. SCI assists private persons, organizations, businesses, schools and religious institutions in developing and maintaining a high degree of security consciousness.

Dr. Riggs also works overseas with both ministries and other organizations to help prepare for crisis intervention in some of the most difficult regions of the world.

He is one of America’s foremost security entrepreneurs

This article first appeared in-The Durham Post Dispatch

THIS IS JANA MASHONEE!
A STAR IS BORN AND COMES OF AGE!
Biography: Jana Mashonee – The Rise To The Top From Weekend Gigs In N.C.

By Ralph Thomas

Jana Mashonee Updates Her Web Site!
Not Only The World’s Greatest Singer But -Style And Class!
Click Here To Go To Jana Mashonee’s New Web Site Now!

Jana Mashonee Wins Pop Recording Of The Year At The 2013 Native American Music Awards
As Well As Shocks And Shakes The House Down With A Stunning Duo Performance With Boy Illinois!

Note: A Few Years Ago When Jana Mashonee Released Her Hit Single- Stay With Me Baby,
Ralph Thomas quietly and in the background spend time producing this video
as a surprise To Jana so she could post it to her fans on Valentines Day On Her Facebook Page

Jana Mashonee Will Be Making A Personal Appearance At Tribal Impressions To Sign Her New Book
American Indian Story And Her CDs. Plan Now To Come And Meet Her And Stay Tuned To This Page For More Details.

Publicity Photo Of Jana Mashonee As
She Had Appeared On Her Facebook Page
9 Time Native American Music Award Winner (NAMMYS)

Jana Mashonee is a Native American from the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina who is a singer, songwriter and actress who is currently exploding in the mainstream music market and quickly rising to international fame. Her rising career is quite an interesting success story. A few moons ago, Jana was playing in a weekend band in the Charlotte, NC area when producer/songwriter Rodney Shelton discovered her singing funk. Shelton recorded a demo of “What I Am To You” in 1997 and submitted it to Curb Records who signed her to the label and released this single which quickly hit the Top Forty on the Radio And Records rhythmic chart.

Jana quickly followed that up with several other singles that hit the ink listings on several charts. In October 1999 Billboard Magazine listed “Ooh, Baby, Baby” Pop Single of the Week! In 2001 Jana’s song “More Than Life” shot up to number 10 on Billboard’s Artists to Watch chart. In 2002 Jana recorded “Stairway to Heaven” which peaked at #7 on Billboard’s Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. As her singles kept hitting the charts, Jana kept pushing herself as her singing career moved along quickly. Her rising career moved her from the weekend gigs around North Carolina to huge Pow Wows and major Native America owned casinos but this was just the start of something that was going to get much bigger than that.

In 2005 Jana released her first full CD, Flash of a Firefly through Radikal Records. Since this is Jana’s Debut Album, it should become a collector’s item. Flash Of A Firefly is a brilliant collection of soothing Native American sounds with some great pop music all with messages in them that have personal meaning to just about anyone. In 2006, Flash of a Firefly became a Native American Music Award (NAMMY) winner. In 2005 Jana released a Christmas CD titled, American Indian Christmas through SOAR Records which turned out to be one of the most wonderful Christmas CDs every released by any singer. Jana’s CD, American Indian Story was released next which has some great compositions and songs that deal with Jana’s Native American heritage. In 2007, American Indian Story was GRAMMY Award nominated. Her talented manager and producer Stephan Galfas won Best Producer for this CD. Her song “Enlightened Time” was turned into a music video which quickly won Best Short Form Music Video. In 2007, the music video Enlightened Time won Best Domestic Music Video at the Queens International Film Festival and in 2009 won Best Music Video at the 2009 11th Annual Native American Indian Film & Video Awards

As the prominent award after award started racking up, Jana became highly viable in the music and entertainment world. Jana is now a 9 time Native American Music Award Winner (NAMMYS) including Best Female Artist of the Year, Best Single of the Year, 3-time winner for Best Pop Recording of the Year, Record of the Year, Best Producer for “American Indian Christmas” and Best Music Video. In 2001 Jana performed at the National Scout Jamboree before an audience of some 70,000 plus people. And the beat of Jana just keeps moving on and up! She performed at the 2001 Inaugural Ball, and in 2006 performed at the White House for one of First Lady Laura Bush’s First Lady Luncheons. Again in 2009, Jana performed at the Presidential Inaugural Ball, where she sang “A Change Is Gonna Come” live for the first time.

In 2009 Jana changed direction, started her own record company with her talented manager/ producer Stephan Galfas called Miss Molly Records. Miss Molly Records is quite different from the run-of-the-mill record companies on American soil today and focuses on Internet marketing and personal contact with Fans. This is quite a new concept in the music industry due to the fact that until Miss Molly Records, record companies had tended to shy away from the Internet but Miss Molly Records, Jana and Stephan Galfas are forging ahead as trend-breaking pioneers in this new market place. The Jana Mashonee Facebook page and her web site are gaining a huge audience and is paying off in sales of her CDs. The first CD to come out of Miss Molly Records is New Moon Born which is more R&B and a new direction for Jana Mashonee and Stephan Galfas. The Jana Mashonee acting career has followed an upward trend for her just like her singing career has. In 2002 she appeared in a romantic comedy titled Dream Weaver alongside Native American actor Wes Studi. She also made a cameo appearance in the independent film Blue Gap Boy’z. Her music video Enlightened Time has gotten rave reviews across the world and won top awards. New Moon Born, the first release by Miss Molly Records with the hit song A Change Is Gonna Come, is now taking off like a rocket leaving Kennedy Space Center and contains a very unique blend of Jana style R&B mixed up with Native American soul if you will. Jana performed a rendition of Sam Cooke’s A Change Is Gonna Come with guitarist Derek Miller at the 2009 the Eleventh Annual Native American Music Awards (N.A.M.A) and won a Nammy Best Compilation, Song/Single of the Year.

A Change Is Gonna Come and her new CD New Moon Born is something different that has sort of taken a lot of people by surprise! There are a few individual critics out there who want Jana to stay in the Native American traditional music area. But when it comes to the music business strictly Native American is a small market compared to the mainstream music industry and I think Jana is destined for much bigger things. As far as A Change Is Gonna Come goes and her new CD, New Moon Born I’d say this about it. It doesn’t happen often but every ten or twenty years, the stars are aligned correctly, the right talent comes together at the right time and another song of the decade comes along. It’s my opinion that “A Change Is Gonna Come” as recorded on the CD is one of those songs. Although this has an R&B tone to it, it might be 10 years from now that a whole bunch of people look back and say this CD was the point at which a new type of music was invented. Aside from R&B, there is a little bit of Native American, a little bit of Spanish, a little bit of rock, a whole lot of inspiration and a massive amount of talent. Jana, Stephan and the band has changed my whole perspective of where music is headed these days with this CD. It’s refreshing to see pure talent with something new instead of rehashes! As Jana moves forward, I’m looking through that looking glass and can see that it’s going to be ruff to top what she just did but if I was a betting man, I’d place a bet that she will.

Jana Mashonee ~ A Change Is Gonna Come! 
Native American Music Awards: Jana wins NAMMY Song of the Year for “A Change Is Gonna Come!”
“Mashonee’s voice is absolutely intoxicating, full of power and energy!”, BC Blog Critics

Aside from her super talent and raising stardom, Jana Mashonee is one of a rare bread of people in society today that cares deeply about others. Aside from the fact that this comes through in her music, she cares about her fans, her Native American background and Native and Indigenous children very deeply and is always on the front lines having a totally positive influence. If you have ever had the opportunity to meet her or talk to her on the Internet, you know exactly what I am getting at. She instantly becomes one of those people who you feel like you have known all your life. She started Jana’s Kids Foundation which is a non-profit organization which helps Native Youth to achieve their dreams by awarding scholarships in academic, athletic and artistic categories. Jana’s Kids Foundation is a non-profit organization which helps Native Youth to achieve their dreams by awarding scholarships in academic, athletic and artistic categories, one of the few scholarship programs in the United States and Canada which award scholarships in all three categories. She also is a public speaker for positive thinking for Native Americans. Many of the Native American reservations today suffer from high unemployment rates and alcoholism. Jana is one of the great modern influences focused on changing a lot of these negatives into positives. It’s a tough job but Jana is making headway. In the fewest words to say it, Jana cares and it’s coming through loud and clear by her own actions and in her music.

The 34th Annual American Indian Film Festival
November 6-14, 2009 San Francisco, CA: “A Change Is Gonna Come”
Performed by Jana Mashonee feat. Derek Miller, takes home the award for Best
Music Video, Director Stephan Galfas, at the 34th annual American Indian Film
Festival, Saturday November 14 2009, Palace of Fine Arts, San Francisco, CA.

There is something else about Jana and the team that works with her that is creating things like a New Moon Born that you will find rather rare in the modern age we live in with people starting to obtain what can be described as celebrity status. It’s a eight letter word called humility. Humility is indeed a rare asset to have that appears to be present in overabundance in the majority of humans who are Native American. While many who travel as far in an entertainment career as Jana has tend to loose that special trait, you’ll find that she is holding on to her’s. While Jana likely knows exactly where it is she is going, she also knows exactly where she came from and you can tell that this special breed of Native American traits will be with her no matter where it is she goes because it has been tattooed into her character.

2010 proved to be a great year for Jana Mashonee. She became the first Native American to have her CDs distributed through Walmart, the largest CD music retailer in the world. Jana released a book called American Indian Story The Adventures Of Sha’kona. This bio appeared as a cover story in Art Chix Magazine in April. In July, Artchix Magazine announced that Jana Mashonee has been selected among over 30 entertainers as Artist Of The Year. NAIStv, which is an online television broadcasting station of The National Association Of Investigative Specialists that features programming on law enforcement, private investigation and security technology wanted to pick one entertainer to have their own online television channel on their network. They picked Jana Mashonee. NAIStv is a joint effort of Griffith Colson Intelligence Service, The National Association Of Investigative Specialists and SpyTek . Also in 2010, Jana Mashonee signed on to do a special for PBS with Crystal Gail and parts of that filming has already occurred.

THE MAKING OF AMERICAN INDIAN STORY THE BOOK!
Jana’s Book, American Indian Story – The Adventures Of Sha’kona, is another highly interesting story that tells you a lot about her. Being a professional singer is a difficult task to say the least. It requires a huge amount of time, effort and energy to get noticed and stay at a level that makes you a living. Your only as good as your last gig or last recording and both new gigs and new recordings have to be advanced. Jana once remarked to me that she “might have a really big show, but then I’m unemployed until the next one comes along.” Singers and songwriters are therefore consistently looking ahead to the next show, the next song, the next recording and the next level. They must if they want to survive and looking ahead like this in and of itself is a huge time and energy consuming task. Jana does all this very well but she sees way beyond herself. She has always felt like it is her duty to give back to Native American people. She recognized that the only way for Native Americas to lift themselves up out of poverty is through education and the foundation to a good education is having good reading skills. Jana seen that there was a huge and wide gap for reading material Native American children could relate to. I agree with her completely. There is a massive and wide cultural divide when it comes to school books that Native American children can relate to. Consider something as simple as the basic history statement that Columbus Discovered America in a history book, apply this to a Native American perspective and you almost instantly see what the problem is. Jana decided to do something about this. She wrote a book that Native American children can relate to. If you have ever tried to write a book, you will soon discover that this is a huge project that requires a massive amount of time and energy. So Jana took almost a year off of her singing and acting career to write this book with Stephan Galfas and set up a reading program in Native American schools where the children can get the book and then have group meetings to talk about the contents of the book. Fast forward a couple of years and this program is making a huge impact on getting Native American children interested in reading. Jana’s Reading For Life program is based on private donations which funds the printing of the books so they can be given to Native American schools for these Reading For Life Programs and it’s starting to make a huge impact. I say thank you Jana because what could be more important than to get children interested in reading as it’s the lifeblood of obtaining any type of education.

I have to tell you a little story. When this bio was first developed there was no book. Jana did a disappearing act. So I called her office and spoke with Stephan Galfas, her partner and manager. “Stephan! How’s Jana, she’s disappeared off the face of the earth and I’m sort of concerned. Her singing career could stall – what’s going on? ” He shot back- she’s sequestered and writing a book.” A Book? I though she was a singer/songwriter, I said. Stephan had to spend a good hour explaining the whole idea to me. Everyone has choices they make in life and then you live with them. Some see a problem, set out a plan and then go to it without much regard for themselves trying to leave the place we call earth a little better off than the shape we found it in and that’s just Jana. I’m not sure who sent her down to this place we call Earth but she’s a gem when it comes to stuff like this.

Jana Mashonee ~ The Enlightened Time

Moccasin City Inside Tribal Impressions
- Barbara Thomas And Jana Mashonee -

2011 took other turns for this raising star! You will want to watch for the airing of the PBS special with Crystal Gail and watch for live concerts near you so you can hear Jana Mashonee in person and meet her. Click here to review a page titled Jana Mashonee Tours and keep up with her personal concert appearances. While Jana spent a good portion of 2010 getting her book American Indian Story done and out and 2011 focused on her Charity Jana’s Kids, Inc. she did do a lot more concerts and appearances in 2012. In December 2012 she co-headlined a show with Sarah McLachlan at Carnegie Hall for a magical evening.

With all she has going on and with a tour schedule that has brought her to forty nine of the fifty states as well as overseas, Jana has still found time to give back. Her Jana’s Kids Foundation has been helping Native youth achieve their dreams through its programs and scholarship offerings for almost as long as she has been an artist. In recognition of her efforts, Jana was named 2011 Woman of the Year for her philanthropic work.

Jana can also add acting to her resume. This year Jana’s new movie in which she stars in, “Raptor Ranch”, debuts and will be released later in the year. Her songs are featured in Raptor Ranch as well as in Crooked Arrow, another feature movie released in theatres across the country really soon.

2013 is proving to be just as amazing for the rising star Of Jana as other years have! Jana was nominated for Native American Music Awards Artist Of The Year and her hit song Stay With Me Baby for Pop Song On The Year. She walked away with yet another NAMA award for her hit song Stay With Me Baby- which went on and won Pop Song Of The Year for 2013. While everyone was likely expecting her to come out on stage and sing Stay With Me Baby as part of her Native American Music Awards 2013 performance she shocked and shook the house down with a stunning duo performance with rap singer Boy Illinois and walked on stage with blond hair. While I would be the first to admit that not every female singer could get away with showing up at the Native American Music Awards to perform with blond hair- Jana can and Jana did and seemed to be the big hit of the night as she almost always is at these events. I will simply call this artistic freedom! Her second song featured kids from Miss Bev’s Dance Studio. This performance also seemed to set a new standard by including kids as a dance team as part of her amazing performance. When her complete mini- show was over, the audience was both stunned and shocked. I have to admit, I had to think about what I had just witnessed for a while and how surprised and shocked I myself was. In the end, I have to now admit it was pure genius as to exactly the right thing at the right time for Jana.

I’ll have to tell you a little story which is a comedy of errors on my part. I had the privilege of watching the rehearsal of the 2013 NAMA awards on a Friday afternoon the afternoon before the night of the event. I was out side taking a break and noticed these kids doing dance practice with their legs so I asked them if they where getting ready to do a rehearsal. They said yes and you could tell they where very excited. These kids where smiling ear to ear and full of pent up energy. I told them I could not wait to see what they were going to do. I never dreamed in a million years they would be part of Jana’s performance but I should of figured. I went back inside and sat down. As a friend, supporter and big fan, I wanted to say hi to Jana before she hit the stage and wish her luck as I knew she was going to be very busy at this event and I wouldn’t even have a minute to say hi to her until the next day due to the demands on her time and the people that wanted to have their photo with her. This performer walked in with a cap on her head and she looked like Jana. In fact, she looked a lot like Jana but this cap sort of cast a shadow down on her face and I thought to myself – no this is not Jana as Jana doesn’t have blond hair. I have no idea who this performer is. Guess what? It was her and she got on stage to do her thing with the rap singer Boy Illinois and the girls from Miss Bev’s Dance Studio. Go figure! I should of been paying a little more attention! Some world renowned investigator I turned out to be that is supposed to be an expert at IDing people on sight!

What’s next? Jana is on the cutting edge of artistic creativity and is certainly the performer to watch. It’s refreshing to see a singer as great as Jana be in a position to feel free to take her music to places she just feels she wants to go. Wherever it is she goes with her music, I can assure you one thing- that very special voice will always shine through right to your heart and hit the marrow of your bones.

Jana Sings At Nammys 9

So what is it that has everyone looking at Jana these days? One might say it’s her unique ability, amazing voice and talent combined with a driving force to market herself to her audience making full use of new technology but it’s a whole lot more than that. The music industry these days is a very crowded field with a huge amount of talent but Jana stands out from this crowd basically because she is Jana. She has this unique ability to connect with people and that’s really what music is all about. Her music is both intoxicating and addictive when you listen to it. She has a special and distinctive voice that presents her unique style and personality that seems to just throw her heart out to you. She’s different and she is unique and she’s shooting for the stars. As Jana gets past the moon, it sure looks like she’s getting there and getting there very quickly. Her unique blend of R&B with a little Native American and a little funk and little rock combined with the friendly and charismatic personality of Jana herself gives her a highly unique combination that is really connecting with people and Jana is starting to really fly like an eagle.

BY ALIX WALL

(Credit: robtek, Picsfive via Shutterstock/Salon)